The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.